Remediation of the municipal solid waste disposal facility in Sudak (Republic of Crimea)

The landfill is located near a water protection zone: 708 m from the Suuk-Su River and 362 m from the Black Sea waters. Operation of the municipal solid waste landfill began in 1961, and it was closed in 2019. During its operation, approximately 1 million m³ of waste accumulated at the landfill. The area of the site to be remediated is 11 ha.

Remediation of a site with accumulated environmental damage includes:

1. Earthworks involving cutting and regrading of municipal solid waste layers, terracing, flattening and compaction of slopes.

2. Reinforcement of the landfill body slopes around the perimeter to secure the landfill body within the designated boundaries using «Geospunt».

3. Installation of a landfill gas collection and treatment system using passive degassing: gas is extracted from the landfill body through gas wells, and landfill gas is treated in special biofilters installed on the heads of the degassing wells. Passive degassing wells are arranged at intervals of 30-40 m.

4. The landfill cover consists of layers of mineral and synthetic waterproofing and gas-proofing materials:

• Levelling layers of sandy loam, loam and mineral soil, 200-300 mm thick
• Layers of Hydromat 3D/M to ensure uniform drainage filtration
• Impermeable bentonite mat Bentotech AS-V, consisting of bentonite clay granules positioned between two layers of geotextile joined by needlepunching
• Waterproofing layer made of Geomembrane Type 4/2, with a structured surface on both sides that helps increase friction between the material and the soil
• Geogrid PM-300, 50х50 mm, for reinforcing the earthworks base
• Geogrid Geomат 3D/150
• A 200 mm layer of topsoil with grass seeding – the final stage.

The thickness of the cover is 1160 mm.

5. To prevent contamination of water resources by industrial and leachate waters from the landfill, a ring drainage system is installed around the perimeter of the landfill base:

• Horizontal ring drainage from the municipal solid waste body
• Main collectors through which the collected leachate flows into leachate storage tanks («BlokTech» tanks).